Mystics and Saints Patti Smith and Isabelle Eberhardt

Mystics and Saints Patti Smith and Isabelle Eberhardt I’ve seen Patti Smith only once in my life, not onstage but in the checkout line of the Whole Foods in Chelsea: tall, gaunt, overcoated, unmistakably herself. I’ve never been a fan of her music, which belongs for me in that category of extremely brilliant and personally disinteresting where I file artists like Tarkovsky or Kurosawaâ€"artists whose work I can appreciate without particularly wanting to embrace. But like a lot of other people, I wept my way through her National Book Award-winning memoir, Just Kids, entranced not just by the extraordinary mythology of her life but her flawlessly rendered version of a lost New York to which no artist, genius or hack, can ever moveâ€"a New York that very possibly never existed, or at least not for anyone who wasn’t Patti Smith, but in either event will certainly never exist again. M Train is a very different book than Just Kids, as incongruous in some ways as the idea of Patti Smith poring over vegetables in a Whole Foods (out of all the gin joints in all the towns, etc.). It’s a discursive chronicle of an older, intensely solitary life characterized by loss so chronic as to be inescapable. Smith leaves behind beloved coats, photographs, cameras, pens, notebooks, treasured  cafés shuttered by gentrification. All of these losses are a kind of extended shorthand for the greatest loss of all: that of her longtime partner, the musician Fred “Sonic” Smith, whose sudden, unexpected death and the subsequent void of his absence permeates every page of Smith’s often-dreamy account of travel, work, travel, books read, coffees drunk. M Train is a book almost entirely about absence and longing, but it is written by a person who would far rather be alone than with a poor substitute for the beloved, and so it is also the daily résumé of a life that is enviable in its Spartan freedom. She feeds the cats. She cleans their water bowls. She travels: to play shows, to give readings, to see friends, to take photographs of the graveyards of people whose art she admires. She drinks a lot of coffee and she makes a lot of spaghetti. She is accountable to no one, to nothing, but the practice of her art. “Here is joy and neglect,” she writes. “A little mescal. A little jacking off, but mostly just work. â€"This is how I live, I am thinking.” Isabelle Eberhardt was born in Switzerland in 1877, the illegitimate child of a general’s wife and the household tutor, a Russian nihilist who dressed her in mens clothing and  took complete control. He taught her to read and write French, Russian, and Arabic and insisted she undertake hard physical labor outdoors with her male siblings. He taught her to ride horses, despise bourgeois values, and disdain public opinion. Eberhardt may have learned her lifelong desire for escape in the hardships of her childhood, but her father’s punishing lessons also gave her the multitude of skills she’d later need to survive as a woman alone in North Africa. After fleeing Switzerland for Algeria, she converted to Islam and embarked on the nomadic life for which she would gain notoriety in her lifetime and admiration after her death. She traveled throughout North Africa dressed likeâ€"and often passing asâ€"a man, smoking hash in the Tunisian equivalent of dive bars and writing articles, essay s, and fiction. Her collected body of work, including journals and letters, ultimately comprised thousands of unpublished pages produced in a little over a decade. She survived illness, dire poverty, and an assassination attempt (by saber, no less), joined a secret Sufi brotherhood, and conducted a long, wildly romantic affair with a young Algerian soldier before her sudden death in a flash flood at the age of 27. Smith came to Eberhardt’s life and work early in her own career, and for a while shared Eberhardt’s obsession with North Africa and the Middle East: “I was drawn,” she writes in Just Kids, “to the Middle East: the mosques, the prayer rugs, and the Koran of Muhammad. I read Nerval’s Women of Cairo, and the stories of Bowles, Mrabet, Albert Cossery, and Isabelle Eberhardt.” A 1975 Smith poem, “The Ballad of Isabelle Eberhardt,” is written from Eberhardt’s point of view (“I condemn any pattern / I bind I blend”). Smith’s relationship with North Africa veers solidly into the arena of Orientalism, all “exotic” vistas and markets, but Eberhardt’s engagement is less easy to categorize: her obsessive documentation of her travels and the people she encountered employs a number of Orientalist stereotypes, but she was also a devout Muslim and fluent speaker of Arabic who strongly advocated for French decolonization of North Africa. If Smith’s Orientalism is tha t of a dreamy pilgrim  to a land of magical barbarians, Eberhardt’s is something less easily dismissed: the observations of a gender-bending polyglot who spent much of her writing exploring a deeply personal relationship to her faith and the people she encountered. I read Eberhardt for the first time a few weeks after I finished M Train; it’s easy to see why Smith was so drawn to her history and her work, and both women’s early lives follow similar arcs of solitude, devotion, and self-discovery. According to Paul Bowles’s introduction to Oblivion Seekers, a brief, patchwork collection of Eberhardt’s writing (fiction, nonfiction, and strange meditations that are neither, or possibly both), “her nature combined an extraordinary singleness of purpose and an equally powerful nostalgia for the unattainable,” a description that could just as easily be applied to Patti Smith. It’s easy to problematize the iconoclastic appeal of both women, who defined their own independence by rejecting femininity itself rather than rejecting or subverting the ways in which patriarchal constraints are applied to (white, in this case) women’s lives (appropriately enough, Eberhardt is one of the only female writers or artists Smith cites as influential i n either M Train or Just Kids, though she’s a big fan of The Killing’s fictional detective Sarah Linden). But it’s also difficult to escape the tremendous appeal of their narratives, particularly as a woman writer deeply invested myself in building a life outside dominant ideologies of what women’s stories should look like. The idea of a life indifferent to any demands, free of yearning for material comfort, devoted exclusively to the pleasures and hardships of work, of travel, of continual engagement with the foreign, is an idea fundamentally rooted in a certain kind of privilege, accessible only to people who have the option of passing through the world with the freedom to envision themselves as independent. And yet both women’s writing and lives offer a glimpse of a path so engaging as to be impossible to entirely reject. “I was my own lucky hand of solitaire,” Smith says in M Train; her refusal to cede to the idea that a woman alone is a tragic figure is so absolute that she does not even entertain the thought long enough to reject it. “They are epicureans, voluptuaries; perhaps they are sages,” Eberhardt writes of her titular oblivion seekers, hash smokers in a kif den. “Even in the darkest purlieu of Morocco’s underworld, such men can reach the magic horizon where they are free to build their dream-palaces of delight.” That freedom, fraught as it may be, is a promise it’s hard to turn down. Sign up for True Story to receive nonfiction news, new releases, and must-read forthcoming titles. Thank you for signing up! Keep an eye on your inbox.

South African Apartheid Quotes About Bantu Education

Bantu Education, the separate and limited experience encountered by non-whites in South Africa when pursuing an education, was a cornerstone of the apartheid philosophy. The following quotes illustrate the diverse viewpoints about Bantu Education from both sides of the anti-Apartheid struggle. Apartheid Quotes It has been decided that for the sake of uniformity English and Afrikaans will be used as media of instruction in our schools on a 50-50 basis as follows:English medium: General Science, Practical Subjects (Homecraft, Needlework, Wood and Metalwork, Art, Agricultural Science)Afrikaans medium: Mathematics, Arithmetic, Social StudiesMother Tongue: Religion Instruction, Music, Physical CultureThe prescribed medium for these subject must be used as from January 1975.In 1976 secondary schools will continue using the same medium for these subjects.--Signed JG Erasmus, Regional Director of Bantu Education, 17 October 1974.There is no place for [the Bantu] in the European community above the level of certain forms of labour ... What is the use of teaching the Bantu child mathematics when it cannot use it in practice? That is quite absurd. Education must train people in accordance with their opportunities in life, according to the sphere in which they live.--Dr Hendrik Verwoerd, South African minister for native affairs (prime minister from 1958 to 66), speaking about his governments education policies in the 1950s. As quoted in Apartheid - A History by Brian Lapping, 1987.I have not consulted the African people on the language issue and Im not going to. An African might find that the big boss only spoke Afrikaans or only spoke English. It would be to his advantage to know both languages.--South African Deputy Minister of Bantu Education, Punt Janson, 1974.We shall reject the whole system of Bantu Education whose aim is to reduce us, mentally and physically, into hewers of wood and drawers of water.--Soweto Sudents Representative Council, 1976.We should not give the Natives any academic education. If we do, who is going to do the manua labour in the community?--JN le Roux, National Party politician, 1945.School boycotts are but the tip of the iceberg – the crux of the matter is the oppressive political machinery itself.--Azanian Students Organisation, 1981.I have seen very few countries in the world that have such inadequate educational conditions. I was shocked at what I saw in some of the rural areas and homelands. Education is of fundamental importance. There is no social, political, or economic problem you can solve without adequate education.--Robert McNamara, ex-president of the World Bank, during visit to South Africa in 1982.The education we receive is meant to keep the South African people apart from one another, to breed suspicion, hatred and violence, and to keep us backward. Education is formulated so as to reproduce this society of racism and exploitation.--Congress of South African Students, 1984.

The Impact Of Truant Behaviors In Schools - 1132 Words

With the passing of the Truancy SB 1317 in January 2010, and through amended legislation since, different agencies have been impacted with the way they conduct business as it relates to truant behaviors. Those who are most impacted by SB 1317, are parents and other stakeholders such as, schools, juvenile justice system and law enforcement. SB 1317, states that the families of truant youth are now being held responsible when a child is chronically truant (California Legislative Information , 2009). Furthermore, to help reduce youth delinquency, drug use and other criminal activities which involve the juvenile justice system, schools are required to maintain efficient records of attendance ( U.S. Department of Education, 2017). Schools In†¦show more content†¦In California, approximately 34 percent of the student population were considered chronically truant within the 2015-2016 school year ( National Center for Educational Statistics, 2017). However, while there is no national data openly accessible on school-based recommendations, and an overall decrease in juvenile crime, there are still areas which report large numbers for school-based juvenile court referrals. Thus, impacting the juvenile courts (Morgan, 2014). Law Enforcement Truancy also has an impact on our Law Enforcement agencies throughout California. Police officers are now hired to work in collaboration with schools to reduce delinquent behaviors including truancies. The impact has created a new need for police officers to work on school campus, however teachers are now looking to on campus police to handle the discipline within the school. In California, more than 50 percent of the school districts give staff complete option to call police for behaviors that should be addressed by school. These disciplines include general school rule violations, bullying, school disruption and Vandalism (66.7% of districts give staff discretion or even require reporting to police). Helpful Data and Research Research Studies When researching data and statistics with regards to the impact of SB 1317, there were aShow MoreRelatedWhat Causes Truancy?871 Words   |  4 PagesWhat Causes Truancy?    The reason a student misses school will for different depending on the age and circumstances of each student. Sometimes a student will skip school because they feel unsafe at school or on their way to or from school. Other students may miss school because of family issues, financial demands, substance abuse, or mental health problems. Factors contributing to truancy commonly stem from three core areas: school, family and community. Innate student characteristics and theirRead MoreWhy A Credit Recovery Intervention Program Will Impact Students With Truancy Issues And Credit Loss1205 Words   |  5 Pagesabsent from school without an excusable reason. New Mexico identifies truancy as having occurred after the fifth unexcused absence according to the New Mexico Public Education Department (2014). Earning credit is defined as the successful completion of classes. Students must meet a minimum number of credits each year to advance to the next grade level. Students who do not earn credi t for a course will either have to repeat the class or take credit recovery courses online after school or during summerRead MoreTruancy in America1958 Words   |  8 PagesABSTRACT: Truancy is the first sign that a youngster is giving up and losing his or her way. Research shows that students who become truant and eventually drop out of school put themselves at a long-term disadvantage in becoming productive citizens. Dropouts are more likely to be on welfare or unemployed than high school graduates. High truancy rates are also linked to high daytime burglary rates, vandalism, and juvenile gang activity. In some cities, unexcused absences can number in theRead MoreLiterature Review1164 Words   |  5 PagesLiterature Review For the purpose of this study this literature review will analyze improving student attendance through building a family connection through parental involvement. If students are in school on time everyday then learning takes place. By building a family connection which highlights the importance of attendance, this will lead to improving student performance on standardized test, Massachusetts Comprehensive Assessment Systems/Scholastic Reading Inventory (MCAS/SRI)Read MoreMandate of School Uniforms in Order to Reduce Student Truancy.2025 Words   |  9 PagesIntroduction According to one Caribbean historian, Carl Campbell (1992), schools reflect the societies that create them. The 21st century has presented many challenges. While on the one hand we are faced with rapidly improving technology, we are also faced with global environmental, health and economic crises such as we have never experienced before. We are also witnessing the widespread collapse of societal institutions like the family, judiciary and even the religious systems. Our societiesRead MoreUnderstanding Truancy Problem from Various Perspectives5703 Words   |  23 PagesA CASE STUDY IN A SELECTED SCHOOL IN PENANG ISLAND. STATEMENT OF THE TOPIC/PROBLEM Truancy or absenteeism has been a common problem faced by many schools in Malaysia whether they are urban or rural. It is also considered as a disciplinary problem that has been going on for years. Truancy or absenteeism has emerged as one of the disciplinary problems with the highest number of students involved. The Star published a report entitle â€Å"Plantation ‘lepak’ spot for truants† dated 26th February 2009 reportedRead MoreEast Rock Community Magnet School836 Words   |  4 Pagesproject was a fifth-grade teacher, Mr. Keith Wolkovitz. This teacher has been teaching at East Rock Community Magnet School for his entire career of eleven years. East Rock Community Magnet School is a Title I school in the New Haven School District. The school has a very diverse population and over 90% of the students qualify for the free-reduced lunch program. As a Title I school, the school is also mandated by the state to implement certain remedial interventions to improve students’ academic scoresRead MoreJuvenile Delinquency : Factors That Lead Youth1458 Words   |  6 Pagespredicting serious and violent offenses. Many people wonder about the factors that lead youth to commit delinquency. There are many factors that lead to delinquency, but the most known factors are family characteristics, neighborhood influences, and school conditions. Family characteristics such as poor parenting skills, family size, home discord, child maltreatment, and antisocial parents are factors linked to juvenile delinquency. â€Å"Child maltreatment roughly doubles the probability that an individualRead MoreFamily Therapy : The Best Fit Based On The Morgan Family Needs And Strengths1546 Words   |  7 Pagesoppositional behaviors which include truancy, isolation, theft, and substance abuse. Jacob Morgan is his father. Jacob is a 38 year old African-American male struggling with Bi-Polar I disorder. He is an alcoholic and currently unemployed. Sonia Morgan is Jackson’s mother. She is a 37 year old Caucasian female and is currently employed as Assembly Worker is a local manufacturing plant. The Morgan family was referred to me during my internship working with gang-involved youth. Jackson’s behaviors emergedRead MoreHigh Risk Youth : A Public Health Approach By Doctor Dawn Delfin Mcdaniels1368 Words   |  6 Pages2001). The lack of proper parental supervision in communities with high risk factors such as high poverty rates, is closely associated with delinquent behaviors in juveniles. It is therefore worthwhile to study the impact of socioeconomic factors in a child’s upbringing, and how such factors influence a child’s tendency to engage in deviant behavior. Consequently, it is also equally as important to study the protective barriers parents and community provide to their youth that assist in better coping

Biology Free Essays

Biology: 1. Living Things Please remember to photocopy 4 pages onto one sheet by going A3A4 and using back to back on the photocopier Syllabus OB38 Understand how to use a simple key to identify plants and animals, including vertebrates and invertebrates OB39 Investigate the variety of living things by direct observation of animals and plants in their environment; classify living organisms as plants or animals, and animals as vertebrates or invertebrates OB40 Identify the basic life processes and characteristics common to all living organisms: nutrition, respiration, excretion, growth, reproduction, movement and response OB41 Recall that living things are composed of cells, tissues, organs and systems, and understand that growth results from cell division Biology is the study of living things (called organisms) Biology is the study of living things (called organisms) Student Notes The living things which we are most familiar with are plants and animals. Plants| Animals| Make their own food| Do not make their own food| Do not move from place to place| Move from place to place| Have cell walls| Do not have cell walls| Animals can then be sorted into two groups: 1. We will write a custom essay sample on Biology or any similar topic only for you Order Now Vertebrates = Animals that have a backbone. Mammal, fish, bird, reptile, amphibian). 2. Invertebrates = Animals that do not have a backbone. (Spiders, worms, jellyfish, anemones, etc). Biology Keys A key in Biology is a set of instructions which help us to identify or classify an organism. The key on the right helps us to identify classify different types of vertebrates. Can you identify where humans fit into this map? Basic life processes and characteristics common to all living organisms All living things have 7 life processes or characteristics in common. These are: 1. Growth All living things can grow/increase in size. This happens through cell division where cells have the ability to make copies of themselves. 2. Movement All living things can move. Animals can walk, fly etc, plants move their parts. 3. Nutrition All living things must be able to take in material from their environment such as food, which is needed to produce energy. 4. Respiration All organisms must extract energy from the food that they consume. Aerobic respiration uses oxygen to obtain energy from food. 5. Excretion Getting rid of waste products from chemical reactions in the body. 6. Response Reacting to a stimuli or changes in the environment. 7. Reproduction The formation of new individuals. Organisms must be able to reproduce themselves or their species will become extinct. Cells, Tissues, Organs and Systems All organisms are composed of cells which form tissues which form organs which in turn form systems. All organisms are composed of cells which form tissues which form organs which in turn form systems. CellsTissuesOrgansSystems Cells Cells are the main building blocks of life, e. g. blood cells and skin cells. (We will look at them in detail in the next chapter). Tissues A tissue is made up of a group of similar cells which carry out the same function, e. . skin tissue and muscle tissue. Organs An organ is made up of different types of tissue working together, e. g. the heart and the lung. Systems A system is formed by a group of organs working together, e. g. the reproductive system and the digestive system. â€Å"It’s extraordinary that so much time is spent educating people about birth and sex, but so little about this equally profound thing [death] that happens to everyone. Paul Murray (Irish Hospice Foundation) Exam Questions 1. [2011][2009 OL][2007 OL] Name one invertebrate animal and one vertebrate animal 2. [2009 OL] 36 – 370 C86 – 870 C| i) Choose the correct temperature range of human body temperature from the list on the right. (ii) Give one reason for a change in body temperature. 3. [2008 OL] Letter| Key feature of organism| A| Four pairs of legs| B| Segmented body, no legs| C| Three pairs of legs| D| Eight to ten pairs of legs| The table shows a simple key used to identify some common organisms found in a habitat. In the case of any two of the organisms shown on the right, write the letter corresponding to a key feature given in the table above beside the organism which that best describes. 4. [2008 OL] Muscle| | Digestive system| | Heart| (i) Write the letter T opposite the name of a body tissue in the table on the right. (ii) Write the letter O beside the name of a body organ in the table on the right. Exam Solutions 1. Invertebrate: slug/ snail/ mussel/ bee/ wasp/ fly/ spider/ starfish/ prawn†¦ Vertebrate: fish/ lizard/ snake/ dog/ cat/ bird/ frog/ newt/ toad/ bat/ whale†¦ 2. (i) 36 – 370 C (ii) Illness / stress / pain / exercise 3. (i) A: Spider (ii) C: Wasp (iii) D: Caterpillar 4. (i) T: Muscle (ii) O: Heart Other Test Questions 1. List six characteristics of living things. . What is an organ made up of? 3. Define (i) sensitivity, (ii) reproduction, (iii) respiration and (iv) excretion. 4. Explain the term tissue. 5. What process do cells undergo to allow growth in organisms? 6. When discussing ‘Living Things’, why are so few people prepared to discuss ‘Death’? Is death natural or unnatural? How do most animals in ‘nature’ die? If another animal attacked a koala bear who would like to see win the fight? Why? Every single one of us will die someday – have you ever discussed your death with anyone? Has anyone else ever discussed their death with you? How to cite Biology, Papers Biology Free Essays Negative and positive feedback processes both occurs in the enzyme pathways. The difference between positive and negative feedback is that in negative feedback, the protein being produced by the enzyme or the protein produced as a result of a chain of proteins becomes very much concentrated. Consequently, the protein then inhibits the enzyme through placing themselves at the start of the chain. We will write a custom essay sample on Biology or any similar topic only for you Order Now The protein attachment places itself in an allotter site thereby changing the shape of the enzyme instead of changing the functional site where the protein would prevent the enzyme from including some other proteins (Werner, 1999). In the positive feedback, instead of inhibiting the reactions, it accelerates them. Positive feedback occurs when a certain enzyme is created and this particular enzyme signals the body to continue producing lots of that enzyme. Through this signals, the enzyme becomes its own catalyst in the process. When the loop begins, it moves with an accelerating speed until a larger feedback stops it. The greatest difference between the two is that, negative feedback manages to inhibit a reaction after the creation of a lot of products while positive feedback accelerates the process which produces the product (Werner, 1999). (b) Biological definition of a flower A flower is also referred to as bloom (blossom). This is the reproductive part located in the flowering plants. It can also be defined as a modified stem with reduced internodes and bearings. At the nodes, it has parts which may be highly modified leaves. Actually, the flower forms at the axis with an apical meristem that has its growth determinate. There are some biological means by which flowers attach themselves to the plants. The sessile flower is a term referred to those types of flowers that form at the axil of the leaf, but they do not have stems. The penduncle is the stem that holds one flower when it is produced. Incase of groups of flowers held by the penduncle, each stem holding the different flowers is referred to as the pedicel. The flowering stem forms the receptacle (torus). This is the terminal end of the stem (Stewart, 2004). The flower parts are arranged in four main parts or whorls. These parts are arranged in whorls on the torus. Flowering plants are classified under the division Magnoliophyta also referred as Angiosperms. Flowering plants are heterosporangiate meaning that they can produce both the female and the male reproductive spores. The male reproductive spores are referred as pollen and the female reproductive spores are called ovules. Both of these spores are produced by different organs although a typical flower (bisporangiate strobilus) contains both the organs. The flower performs the function of mediation between the male and female ovum. It allows the union of both ovums which leads to the production of seeds. The process commences with pollination and then fertilization. This processes lead to the formation and dispersal of seeds. Each flower is specifically designed to provide for effective transfer of pollen. For the higher plants, the dispersed seeds are the next generation. They are the primary source by which species of other generation could be dispersed to many different landscapes. Inflorescence refers to the process of grouping flowers. The Crateva religiosa is a very good example of a perfect flower. It has both the outer ring referred to as the stamen and the center referred to as the pistil (Stewart, 2004). How to cite Biology, Papers Biology Free Essays The n Ext par g h contain uses w the ear b king details bout he p o I nab art who t happen tom. Al feather putsches detection weatherboard. Two of the MO RSI Jumped ova rib a d n the ‘rd one, alarm day in chaw s, broke h arm in the strut lee to escape, dying later on. We will write a custom essay sample on Biology or any similar topic only for you Order Now The to r w mothers did NT fare much bet r. One of the m drowned IM d tell from the w gig t of her c anis; d the s condo e, v n though e WA rescue d an brought n board, w LU J pm over a d few says I term. Du to he a ND the conditions hey ad mob r , lots f hem did . Even so, the place w s get in v arc owed because â€Å"the numb r of peel brought n board GE TTYL Exec d those w did † (76). Two we KS later, who n et â€Å"prison c old ho n m re, the s IP a led own t he rive † and to he ocean (76). While at s , he condition s mob art SE m to less n a elite b for s me of the prisoner . Women had t Eire chaw NSA t eek of and were al owed t go n he up r deck, but only whew t weather since. The con Luda g par h lee vs. the r ad with a b err task . The p o I nab art h of â€Å"enough TTS p rot life† (76). A third of the p o I die on the cross Inning. Whew t near go t to his f anal destine o he wasn’t bled o stand up for a we k. Eve n though e ad survive deed the ordeal, despondent havening. Household tavern, defiantly words of histories looking ay:†leave bonfire years†(76). How to cite Biology, Papers

The Birth of Venus

The Birth of Venus is a famous painting produced in the year 1863 by a French painter Alexandre Cabanel (Pipes 133). In the same year, Napoleon III purchased the painting. Currently, a similar painting is being preserved at the Musà ©e d’Orsay Museum in Paris.Advertising We will write a custom article sample on The Birth of Venus specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Many writers have described Cabanel as an intelligent academic painter with an outstanding impression. During his lifetime, Canabel received several awards for his contribution in arts. Apart from painting, Canabel taught at Ecole des Beaux-Arts where he later became a professor. This paper analyses the painting The Birth of Venus and gives a brief background of its painter. In The Birth of Venus, Canabel describes a legendary episode found in classical mythologies (Higgs 1). The theme of the painting was very popular during the Canabel’s era, and it enabled painters to illustrate eroticisms in arts without compromising on the public morality. As such, the painting portrays a nude woman in a lustful pose. Through this piece of art, Canabel criticized the popular artistic approach, which had been adopted in Europe during the 19th century (Lewandowski 12). During this period, artists had adopted different methods of idealizing human bodies. In the painting, Canabel explores Greek cultures and recreates the painting depicting the anonymity with which beauty entered the earth. In addition, the childlike figures illustrated in the painting symbolize the birth of the goddess. Alexandre Cabanel, Birth of Venus, 1863 Paris Ecole des Beaux-ArtsAdvertising Looking for article on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Foundations of Art and Design by  By Alan Pipes London: Laurence King, 2003. Print. Works Cited Higgs, Jessica. â€Å"Apollo and Daphne — Masterpieces of G reek mythology.(Review) (book review).† Teacher Librarian 1 June 2000: 1-34. Print. Lewandowski, Hervà © . â€Å"Musà ©e d’Orsay: Alexandre Cabanel The Birth of Venus.† Musà ©e d’Orsay : Accueil. Version 4. No Pulisher, 12 Feb. 2003. Web. Pipes, Alan. Foundations of art and design. London: Laurence King, 2003. Print. This article on The Birth of Venus was written and submitted by user Max1m1l1an0 to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Online Shopping Essays

Online Shopping Essays Online Shopping Essay Online Shopping Essay The attitudes of people toward he purchase online are different in Pakistan as compare to other Countries. The purpose of this study is to review the factors felt reservation of consumers in online shopping. The main objective fifths research is to study, especially what are factors affecting the consumers directly for online shopping. To this end, for this purpose use special Observations and also used study papers to develop a clean reports of factors affecting consumers buying behavior as a online Purchasers. The results of the survey analysis has shown that most of the people already shopping online and prefer to make their purchases online, but there are mom factors such as psychological factors, social factors, emotional factors, and the privacy factors, Education Factors, Culture, which affect the buyer attitudes of online purchases. The protection of privacy and providing security to Consumer Who Are Purchasing Online (Use Cards) are major problems that affect the behavior of the population to buy online. Various attitudes of consumers toward online shopping are not in rest in the study which reveals that the purchase online is easy, comfortable and better that conventional shopping due to various factors. Price, the trust, the convenience and the recommendations have been identified as important factors. Price was Considered to be the most fascinating and affecting factor for the majority of students and the general public. Most of the consumers hesitate not to do shopping online, because of the insecure payment and transactions systems. Purpose. Online Shopping In Pakistan, Factors affecting Consumers online Buying Behavior, Future of Online Shopping in Pakistan, Virtual purchasing Introduction: From The Last Ten Years Researchers and practitioners thinking new ways to motivate Customers to purchase using the electronic commerce. Hence they are looking with great insight the behavior of Customers. With the development of the retail E-commerce, researchers continue to explain E- attitude of consumers by different perspectives. E-commerce is the buying and selling of the goods and services online; internet is the best source to use this tool. Today the amount of trade that is conducted electronically using e-commerce has increased with a wide spread usage Of internet and technology. E- commerce includes transferring of funds online, Online Banking Services supply chain management, marketing over internet, In Pakistan it started as buying of online services from other countries virtually and it involved a omelet trade in which service was given through internet and money was transferred through credit Cards. The invention of the internet has created a new way of the Purchasing as compare to traditional way people shop. Customers are no longer tied to be waiting for opening of Shops; it may become active virtually at any time and any place to purchase products and services. The Internet is relatively new medium for the communication and the exchange of information which has become present in our daily lives. The number of Internet users is constantly increasing, which is also significance that online purchasing is increasing avidly. The Future of Online Purchasing now opening new ways for small investors to Invest and Work Virtually by Starting their Business. (Joins, Scorcher Schlep, 2003). Today managers are tapping into the power of e-commerce. Observing many feasible solutions to sinking business Sector Of Pakistan, A large number Of firms have acquired e-commerce for their business and have progressed through this tool. E business has emerged to be the one of the most important marketing and sales tool. With the help of E-Business you can purchase anything that is available on the internet. Critical understanding of consumer behavior in the electronic environment, as in this physical world, can be achieved if the factors that affect the purchase decision are ignored or unequivocal. For example, online consumers fears about the lack opportunity to examine products before purchase specifically regarded as influential factors in direct purchase Decision. Therefore, several researchers have proposed that the consumers purchasing behavior in online shops could Be Different. Buyers and frequent use of the Internet shopping expected more often will be marketed and enhances their confidence on web site for the less online prevalent and buyers. It is clear that some electronic markets unique characteristics. If the electronic means any ignored basic facts about consumer behavior, and because of this point more than promises and marketing electronic in this context business to consumers will not be achieved [Nuns, 2001]. Through e business different type businesses has gained an opportunity to increase their sale and can maintain a direct Relationship with its customers without any other person between you and your customer. E-business has helped a lot in the globalization of businesses throughout the world. Companies can easily market their product in the whole world And can create retreat market of their product. Ernst Young (2000) is stated that its cost and competitive prices, due to the purchase on the internet delivery but the products cinch to review the system and fear of credit card hacking consumers are major concern. Internet shopping refers to purchase of goods and services through the Internet. An internet negotiate incarnation applies to the psychological state of our customers, in terms of online shopping. Consumers are reluctant to buy products online and it has many reasons for this phenomenon because they consider that they do not believe in the recess of online purchases for the insecurity of credit or debit cards, the passwords, the Process of hacking information, less time to devote, unreliable, entrust;rotor, a breach of privacy and social risks. Research Objectives: What are the main factors, which concerns the on-line consumers to shop online on the Internet? how these Factors influence the consumers, when shopping online? Why is it that consumers delay or hesitate to make decision for shopping online? Literature Review. We always here the back comments about Internet and blamed that They Decrease Activity in local Circle, But now with a computer and access to internet a person can think globally to start a online Business. According to (Vestry Chapter, 2001) the internet can make it easier for businesses to have information on their products and services available to their potential customers. A company can meet the individual needs of the customer information to a lower cost per report to the dispatch of product catalog. Vestry Chapter, 2001 ) asserts that the businesses without physical presence must market themselves considerably, both online and off line, for that the Consumers to remember their name. Smith and Erupt (2003) have examined and identify the factors in their work hat affects the behavior of consumers. These issues have been identified as for the marketing effort, socio-cultural inf luence, emotional factor, the psychological factors and privacy factors, to the experience, the purchase and post -purchase decisions. They also show that consumers are affected by various psychological factors, such as perception, motivation, personality, attitudes and emotions. Due to the importance of making consumers feel secure and comfortable, the author argues that the information concerning the security must be to the mediation consumers in such a way that the sense of security is increased. The study clearly indicates that the trust and convenience are major influence for the online consumer shopping behavior, even if they are influencing the decision making process Smith and Erupt (2003). Research Methodology. According to Mr.. Trochaic, Random Samples can be selected from a selected Population whos Attributes Represents the Whole selected Population hence the Resultant Factors can be applied to the whole population because the random samples are considered to be Universal Attributes. In this Study used my observation and also Questionnaires from Random Samples Base on demographics Conditions Such as age, gender, sessions etc. Data Analysis and Findings, Table 1: Demographic summary of survey participants. Based on Genders Category Frequency Percentage Males 67 67% Females 33 33% Totals. 100 100% Based on Age 18-27 45 28-37 30 37-onward 25 25% The survey has been conducted on the 1 00 random samples of selected population. Hence, table: 1 Illustrate that 67% males and 33% females respondents participated in Online Shopping Survey. At the Same Time as 45% participants are 18-27 age of Group. And the 35% participant are 28-37% age group, while the rest of the category belongs to above the age group of 37 and more. The results of the Survey Reveals very extreme situation that mostly the young population (18-27) engaged in Online Shopping Online shopping is a new thing for people in Pakistan. But According to my Survey it reveals that Peoples in Pakistan very rapidly moving towards online shopping. About 44% peoples are engaged in online Shopping and 54% are not purchase online they also declare that they have never experienced do any kind of online shopping, Although most of them argue that they will buy online in future. Enormous and Fast expansion of Internet from the last decade, the people of Pakistan are taking interest in online shopping. They said that they want to purchase online while sitting in their homes and work place, after getting good service response, quality of product, competitive price and on time delivery through online shopping, then always try to recommend their friends and family members for online shopping. This to be the Evidence that 40% Peoples want to purchase Online but Due To Security Risks and flaws they Dont Purchase. Also price on the Online Store Comparatively high from local Stores. These are the Major Problems Demonstrated by the peoples they want an easy cash system and security also Form Filling Help Videos and easy to Understand Website. The overall results in chart 3 demonstrate that about 70% of the people positively believe that much time is saved while shopping online because it is the fact that when shopping online from home or office does not involve to leave that place, that could be consider as a time saving. On the other side about 27% of the people have neutral attitude about this and 3% of the people have negative attitude towards time saving factor through online shopping. Trust and security is the main factor that hinders people from purchasing online. This will investigate overall respondent attitude towards trust and security when shopping online. It has been asked from the respondent how much they felt secure when shopping online. The use of credit and debit cards and other account details while shopping Online creates a risk of disclose of personal details due to which it could be misuse of personal and account information of the customer. From The above Chart It can be illustrate that only 28% peoples trust and fell secure while purchasing online. Although the Purchasing Online Ratio is Higher as compare to trust factor but these purchaser also have fear of their privacy hacking and misuse of it. About 58% dont Felt Secure when archiving online and included also those who purchase online. In Questionnaire they said that they felt insecure when they enter their accounts information to an unknown Website who Guarantee they Dont Misuse Our Personal Information. Price is also a Factor which Peoples considered when purchasing Online. Usually Most of the online stores charge greater price as compare to local store so peoples dont consider to buy online a costly product. The Above Chart Clearly Showing that about 40% Peoples have the View That Things are Costly on the Internet, So, Thats Why They Dont Want to by Online. Chart 6 results confirms that almost 49% people have opinion in accordance with this fact that online shopping is convenient and easy as compare to shopping in the market. On the other side about 19% were in opposition to this perception that it is not very convenient and easy for everyone to find the right product easily through online Shopping. About 32 % were neutral in this regard that online shopping is neither convenient nor inconvenient. Overall respondents have a positive attitude towards online shopping is convenient. And they want to buy online. In Pakistan culture, there are bounties of the factors which are affecting inline shopping consumers buying behavior. For instance psychological, social, emotional and privacy factors have major effects on consumers buying behavior. Chart 7 results shows that 40% of the respondent has agreed on that Psychological factor is the main factor not to do online shopping and affecting consumer buying behavior. About 25% of the respondents pointed out the privacy factor, 20% pointed out social factor and 15% pointed out emotional factor affecting Pakistani consumers buying behavior. It has been mentioned that adverse to democratic belief, the consumers will not have to ay for privacy, and consists of the elimination of the revelation of the identity of the Internet Services. They Afraid Of Doing Online Transactions. The results of the survey in chart 8 demonstrate that 38% about of the respondents have agreed with this that different organizations would be able to market their products or brands through online shopping via Internet and they can offer cash discount deals on online shopping instantly. About 22% of the respondents neither agree nor disagree on online marketing and get discounted deals directly. And 40% of the respondents were in opposition to his stance and they had never get discounted deals through online shopping. Conclusion. The study was accomplished to discover the effects of online shopping towards the attitude of consumer buying behavior in Pakistan. Online shopping is getting more and trendier in Pakistan as well as in rest of the world but the velocity of online shopping in Pakistan is slower as compared to the entire world. According to our survey, online shopping is getting popularity in the young generation such as students and professionals. Students usually prefer to buy goods from its original source and they mostly prefer online shopping When a consumers to make purchases online to buy something, he or she is affected by assorted factors. The main influencing factors have been identified as, price, confidence, security, convenience, time, after sale service and discounted deals. The price factor exists because the prices are often lower through online shopping as compared with physical purchases in the market. Buy online can be of great benefit to the consumer in terms of convenience, saving time and money. One of the prime obstacles in the way back-up of online shopping is that people usually get petrified when the other computer demands the complete details of the customers. Due to which a customer gets anxious that his or her personal details may get disclosed and their precious money and account details get damaged. Tranquility is obviously necessary given that the consumer must share personal information (full name, delivery address and date of birth) and financial information (credit card detail) when shopping online.

Learn the Parts of the Roman Name

Learn the Parts of the Roman Name In todays international world, you may come across: people who have what we would call the last name before the first namepeople known by a singular name (like Madonna or Lady Gaga, since Lady is a title)people who lack a middle name (George Washington)people with extra middle (saints names)people with the requisite number to fill out most contemporary forms in the U.S.: a first, middle, and last name Ancient Roman Names During the Republic, Roman male citizens might be referred to by the tria nomina 3 names. The first of these 3 names was the praenomen, which was followed by the nomen, and then the cognomen. This wasnt a hard and fast rule. There might also be an agnomen. Praenomina were waning by the 2nd century A.D. Although not shown on this page, there were sometimes additional names, especially on inscriptions, often abbreviated, that gave further indications of social groupings like tribes, and, in the case of slaves and freedmen, their social status. Praenomen The praenomen was a first name or personal name. Females, who didnt have praenomina until late, were called by the name of their gens. If further distinction were necessary, one would be called the older (maior) and the other the younger (minor), or by number (tertia, quarta, etc.) The praenomen was usually abbreviated [See Roman Abbreviations on Inscriptions]. Here are some of the common praenomina with their abbreviations: Aulus A.Appius App.Gaius C.Gnaeus Cn.Decimus D.Kaeso K.Lucius L.Marcus M.Numerius Num.Publius P.Quintus Q.Servius Ser.Sextus Sex.Spurius Sp.Titus Ti.Tiberius Ti. Tib. Latin Grammar Romans could have more than one praenomen. Foreigners granted Roman citizenship by imperial decree took the emperors nomen gentile as a praenomen. This made the praenomen less useful as a way to distinguish men, so by the end of the third century, the praenomen had virtually vanished except to confer high social status [Fishwick]. The basic name became the nomen cognomen. Nomen The Roman nomen or nomen gentile (nomen gentilicum) indicated the gens from which a Roman came. The nomen would end in -ius. In the case of adoption into a new gens, the new gens was indicated by the -ianus ending. Cognomen + Agnomen Depending on the time period, the cognomen part of the Roman name could indicate the familia within the gens that the Roman belonged to. The cognomen is a surname. Agnomen also refers to a second cognomen. This is what you see when you see a Roman general awarded the name of a country he conquered like Africanus. By the first century B.C. women and the lower classes began to have cognomina (pl. cognomen). These were not inherited names, but personal ones, which began to take the place of the praenomina. These might come from a part of the womans fathers or mothers name. Sources Names and Identities: Onomastics and Prosopography, by Olli Salomies, Epigraphic Evidence, edited by John Bodel.Encyclopedic Dictionary of Roman Law, by Adolf Berger; Transactions of the American Philosophical Society (1953), pp. 333-809.Latin Funerary Epigraphy and Family Life in the Later Roman Empire, by Brent D. Shaw; Historia: Zeitschrift fà ¼r Alte Geschichte (1984), pp. 457-497.Hastiferi, by Duncan Fishwick; The Journal of Roman Studies(1967), pp. 142-160.J.P.V.D. Balsdon, ; 1962.